mckay



(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1. J. DRADER & A. B. McKAY.

SPADE HARROW.

Patented Dec. 6, 1892.

Maw/6. Midi Wizn E5555 (No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2. J; DRADER & A. B.MoKAY. SPADE HARROW No. 487,322. Patented D60- 6, 1892.

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UNITED STATES PATENT Fries.

JOSEPH DRADER AND ANDREW B. MCKAY, OF LONDON, CANADA; SAID MCKAYASSIGNOR TO SAID DRADER.

SPADE-HARROW.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 487,322, dated December6, 1892.

Application filed January 16, 1892- Serial No. 418,330. (No model.)

To aZZ whom, it may concern:

Be it known that we, JOSEPH DRADER and ANDREW B. MCKAY, both subjects ofthe Queen of Great Britain, and both residents of the city of London, inthe Province of Ontario, Canada, have jointly invented certain new anduseful Improvements in Spade-Harrows, of which the following is adescription.

This invention relates to improvements on a spade-barrow, andparticularly to new and useful improvements on a spadeharrow or rotaryplow for which United States Letters Patent No. 450,714 were granted andissued to us on the 21st day of April, 1891.

The object of this invention is, first, to counteract the downwardinclination of the spade-spindles at their outer ends and to retain saidspindles on a line with the ground and the spades an even depth therein,so that the ground will be worked evenly and to an equal depththroughout; second, to construct the bearing-box to which the tongue issecured in such a manner as not to require the reducing of the tongue incross-section at its inner end; third, to secure the spades together byimproved devices which will permit of their adjustment around a finerspindle than has heretofore been obtainable and at the same time whenproperly adjusted will hold and retain said spades in this establishedrelation to one another; fourth and fifth, of providing improved devicesfor preventing sand or other impurities from getting into thelubricant-reservoirs which supply the bearings at the inner and outerends of the spade-spindles.

These improvements consist, first, in forming the draw-braces verticallyadjustable at their front ends and forming the bar to which the slidingblock and draw-braces are secured pivotally adjustable; secondly, informing a bracket-tongue support on the bearing-box which will supportthe tongue beyond the spades; thirdly, in dividing each collar whichholds the spades in place into two parts and forming projections andcorresponding recesses on the adjacent faces of these two parts arerotating, and, fourthly and fifthly, in forming improvedadjustablelubricant covers and devices for holding them in place.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure l is a plan view of our improvedspade-harrow. Fig. 2 is an enlarged detail plan view of the pivotal barand connections. Fig. 3 is a side view of Fig. l with the spade-spindlesand draw-braces removed. Fig. 4 is a detail side view of the lever andconnections, partly in section, which inclines the spade-spindles. Fig.5 is a side view of a modification of the lever shown in Fig. 4. Fig. 6is an enlarged detail perspective view of one part of one of the collarswhich hold the spades in position. Fig. 7 is a detail side view ofseveral of same on a spade-spindle. Fig. 8 is an enlarged detail planview of an adjustable lubricantcover. Fig. 9 is an enlarged detail sideview of the bracket which is situated at the outer end ofeach of thespade-spindles.

In the patent before referred to, Jdesignates two gangs of curvedspades, each being supported on a spindle O, the inner ends of whichspindles are journaled in a bearing-box M, fixed to the tongue, Whilethe outer end of each of said spindles is held by a draw-brace D,connected to a block F, slidingly supported on a plate N, fixed to thetongue E. In this patent just referred to the plate or bar N is fixed tothe tongue E and the draw-braces are adjustable in a horizontal planeonly to forwardly incline the spindles O. The first part of ourinvention consists in forming the draw-braces D vertically adjustable attheir front ends and this bar N pivotally adjustable on said tongue E,so that when the machine is in operation the draw-brace D will have anupward draft on the outer end of the spindles O, for the purposes whichwill be presently described.

In order to obtain the best possible results the center of the machinetoward their outer end, so that the greater the curve of the spades Jand inclination of the spindles O, as just described, the greater willbe the resistance or pressure of the ground against the lower andconcave side of the spades, because a greater portion of their lower andconcaved side surface will be presented to the ground to turn it over.This increase of pressure against the lower and concaved side of thespades will cause them to enter the ground a greater depth. There willtherefore be a greater eX- cess of pressure against the lower concavedends of the spades operating in the ground than on their opposite endsout of the ground, and also a greater pressure on their concave than ontheir convex sides. This excess of pressure on the lower portion of eachspade and on the concave side acts as a lever, which draws the outerends of the spade-spindles downward'and throws their inner ends up ward.The inner spades are consequentlya less depth in the ground than theouter spades,

and if this were not counteracted the ground would be worked unevenly.Now the effect of raising the front end of the draw-braces D is tocounteract this action of the lower ends of the spades J operating inthe ground,and said braces being connected to the outer ends of thespade-spindles O and their draft being upward they draw the outerends ofsaid spindles upward and bring the latter to a posi-" tion in line withthe ground. Each spade will thereby dig an even depth therein.Consequently the ground will be worked evenly and to an equal depththroughout; and again, the resistance of hard ground against the lowerends of the spadesJ will be greater than soft ground. Consequently thedraft will have to be more upward in proportion to the hardness of theground. This will require the draft at different elevations, so that thefront ends of the draw-braces D require to be adjustable and willrequire means for adjusting them to and holding them at differentelevations. As shown in the accompanying drawings, the means employed isa pivotal bar N, pivoted on the tongue E; but it may be pivoted 011 anyother suitable support, and on this bar N teeth n are formed, and on theblock F, sliding on this bar N, a dog 0 and toothed wheel P arepivotally secured and adapted to engage with the teeth n of said pivotalbar N. R is a forked lever, also pivoted 011 the block F and on the samepivotboltfas the toothed wheel P, which lever is formed with a tooth rand slot 3. The dog 0 engages with the teeth at of bar N, and is for thepurpose of holding the block Fat any required point on the bar N towhich said block F may be adjusted, and the lever R and toothed wheel Pare for adjusting the block F lengthwise on the bar N. This isaccomplished by engaging the tooth r with the toothed wheel vPandlturning it inthe required direction.

When the-lever R has been moved as far as the surrounding parts willpermit, the slot 5 therein permits it to be drawn outward until thetooth r clears the teeth of the toothed wheel P. The lever may then bemoved back independent of the toothed wheel and the tooth r engaged withand take another grip on the teeth of said wheel and the latter againrevolved. These adjustments of the block F, which is connected with theouter end of the spade-spindles C by the draw-braces D, incline saidsplindles forward at their outer end, which isrequired in order to getthe best results from the spades. After the block F has been adjusted tothe required position on thepivotal bar N the dog 0 is engaged withteeth n of said bar N. This relieves the lever R and toothed Wheel Pfrom all strain and wear. Thelever may then be drawn outward, as beforedescribed, and rest in ahorizontal position out of the way.

H designates a standard secured to the: tongue E; I, achain passingthrough a hole in the upper end of the standard H and connectingtheouter end portion of the pivotal bar N with the resilientspring-lever-K, the latter being pivoted on the tongue and by itsresilience engaging with the notches in the bracket L. This chain I isattached to the lever K at such a point that by operating said lever Kthe outer end of the pivotal bar N will be instantly raised or lowered,as well as the front end of the draw-braces D, connected therewith. Thiswill adjust the draft more orless upward on theouter ends of thespade-spindles C and regulate the upward draft according to the varyinghardness of the ground, or for any other purpose required. The pivotalbar N may extend through a slot in the standard H, and p ns passingthrough holes in this standard maybe used to assistin ho1ding thepivotal bar in any position to which .it may be adjusted.

The bar N is shown and described as being pivotally adjustable. This weconsider the simplest and most durable construction to assist inattaining the required resultviz., A

justing the block F and attachments'show the construction we have foundmost satisfactory for this purpose; but other constructions-may be used.For instance, the lever formed with a slot 8 and a toothed segment onthe lower end, as shown in Fig. 5, could be used in place of the forkedlever R and toothed wheel P, or the lever R might be formed with a jointin one side and engage with studs on the side of the toothed wheel P,and, further, when inclining the draw-braces D upward we have found itpreferable to construct the flange a on the end of the bracket A, towhich the draw-braces D are attached, in an inclined direction for-wardand outward, as shown in Fig. 9, and heretofore in inventions of thisclass the tongue E has been secured directly tothe bearingbox M. To dothis, it was necessary to cut the tongue E away on the under side at theinner end to give it the proper upward inclination forward, at the sametime permitting the bearing-box M to remain horizontal, and, the tonguebeing so reduced at this point, flanges were required on the bearing-boxM to strengthen the connection between said tongue and bearing-box; butto get the inner ends of the spade-gangs J sufficiently close togetherthe space between these flanges was necessarily narrower than the tonguein crosssection. Consequently the sides of the tongue at the inner endwere also reduced in cross section to fit in between these flanges. Thisnot only weakened the tongue at the inner end, but also the connectionbetween the tongue and said bearing-box.

Our invention consists in forming a bracket m on the bearing-box M,which bracket extends forward beyond the spade-gangs J, and where saidbracket extends beyond said gangs it is constructed wider and the tongueE secured thereto, and the tongue E being secured to this bracket m infront of the spade-gangs itwill not be necessary to cut it down or toreduce it in cross-section in any way whatever, and this bracket isconstructed with an upward inclination, so that when the tongue isplaced thereon it will have the proper upward inclination, and thisbracket m is formed with the recess Z on the upper side to permit themost extreme adjustment of the spring-tooth B to free it fromanyobstruction on the ground, the bracket on being of sufficient lengthto prevent the upper part of said spring-tooth from interfering with therear end of the tongue. This could not be accomplished when the tonguewas secured directly to the bearing-box M; and by making this bracket mof cast-iron or other material it can be constructed of any requiredshape to permit any required adjustment of the spring-tooth orspade-gangs and still sufficiently durable to form a strong connectionbetween the tongue and bearing-box, so that the forming of this bracketm as just described not only increases the strength and durability ofthe tongue and facilitates the working of the harrow, but at the sametime lessens the cost of time, labor, and material in constructingspade-harrows; and in our patent before re ferred to the collar betweeneach spade, which holds the latter in place, is divided into two parts,and these two parts are held together by an inclined or V-shapedconnection. The tendency, however, in this form of a connection is forthe inclined plane or V-shaped flange to move out on the inclined planeof the V-shaped recess and bear on the adjacent parts of the collars tospread them apart and cause considerable wear on said V-shapedconnection; and when the spades are in operation they have a tendency towear the adjacent faces of these V-shaped flanges, and while this wouldbe but slight in each individual case in the aggregate it is sufficientto permit the V- shaped flange to move to a proportionate distance outof the V-shaped recess, thereby retaining only a short connectionbetween the two, and the recess would be larger in crosssection than theadjacent portion of the V- shaped flange. This would permit the flangeto vibrate and wear both itself and the adjacent face of the other partsof the collar in which the recess is formed until the V- shaped flangewould be pressed out of said recess and one part of the collar slip pastthe other; and even before the parts of the collars slip past oneanother the difference in crosssection of the space between the V-shapedflange and the edges of the recess when the adjacent faces of theseparts become worn would permit one part of the collar and spadeconnected therewith to turn in proportion to this difference incross-section. This changes the original established relation of onespade to the other, which is very detrimental to the effective andperfect operation of the spades, each of which requires that the spadesadjacent thereto will not enter the ground at the same time nor that theadjacent spade will be in such a position as to prevent the precedingspade from turning over its spadeful of earth. This is overcome andcompletely prevented by using our improvement, which consists in formingin the adjacent faces of the parts G G into which the collar betweeneach spade is divided corresponding projections and recesses having thelines of projection from the ends of the parts G G and at right anglesto the line in which they rotate. We carry out this construction, asshown in Figs. 6 and 7, by forming recesses g and correspondingprojections h in the adjacent faces of the parts G G into which eachcollar is divided. The advantage of this construction is that if anunusual obstruction was brought to bear against any one of the spades Jthe latter would be retained in its original established relation to theothers from the fact that the sides of the projections would abutdirectly against the adjacent parallel sides of the recesses and atright angles to the line in which the adjacent parts G G of the collarswere rotating. Each spade J has two holes 6 made in it and two teats hare formed on the flange G of one of the collars and fit into andthrough the holes e and into holes d, made in the flange G of the nextcollar. This holds the collars and spades securely together.

While any number of corresponding projections h and recesses 9 may beformed in the adjacent faces of the parts G G into which said collarsare divided, as described, we preferably form three recesses g and threeprojections h, as shown in Fig. 6. This, to-

gether with the teats b and holes at in the end flanges of the collarsadjacent to the spades, enables the spades to be adjusted on the spindleO at the required angle to one another, so that two adjacent spades willnot enter the ground at the same time, and also adjusted so that onespade will not in any way interfere with or prevent the turning over ofthe ground by the adjacent spade; and, further, by constructing eachcollar in two parts G G, and the adjacent faces of these parts beingadjustable, this gives a finer and an additional adjustment of thespades to that of their adjustment on the end flanges G Consequently afiner adjustment of the spades may be made by using our collar formed intwo parts G G and constructed as just described than can be made wherethere is only the adjustment of the spades J on the end flanges G of thecollars.

T is a lubricant-reservoir formed in the bracket A, from which thelubricant is fed through passage t to the bearings supporting theouterend of the spindle C. Q is a flanged cover for thislubricant-reservoir, in the upwardly-inclined end of which the elongatedslot q is formed, and the other end of said cover is downwardly inclinedand an opening 10 formed therein. This cover is also formed with theside flanges 2', which assist in retaining the lubricant in thereservoir T.

U is a stud-pin secured to the bracket A, and this stud-pin U is formedwith an elongated head a, which head is fitted to the slot q in saidcover Q.

On the front end of the lubricant-reservoir T is a flange j, in which ahole is formed, through which a pin 7c is inserted, and when the cover Qis in position this flange j projects up through the opening 19. Thispin it is then projected through the hole in the flange j above thedownwardly-inclined edge of said cover and binds the cover Q on thereservoir T to prevent the accidental displacement of its contents.WVhen the cover Q is in proper position over the lubricant-reservoir T,theelongated slot q therein will be at right angles to the elongatedhead a of the studpin U. This completely prevents the accidentaldisplacement or loss of said cover; but when wishing to remove the coverit may be adjusted to the position shown by dotted line in Fig. 8. Theelongated portion of the slot q will then come opposite the elongatedportion 11.01": the head. When in this position, the cover can bereadily removed from the stud-pin U.

V is a lubricant-reservoir in the bearingbox M, from which the lubricantis fed through passage 12' to the boxes on the inner ends of the spindleG. W is the cover of this lubricant-reservoir, in which the notches ware formed, and X are studs on the bearing-box M, which fit perfectlyfree in the notches w of the cover W, which prevent its accidentallateral displacement.

Zdesignates the casting on which the springtooth B is pivotally secured,which casting rests on the bearing-box M and studs X and bridges therear end of the cover and holds said rear end in place betweenthe studsX and bearing-box M and at the same time permits the raising of thecover W to replenish the reservoir with lubricant.

Having thus described our invention, we claim 1. The bar N, pivoted onthe tongue E or other suitable support, and the block F, slidinglysupported on said pivotal bar, and means for holding said pivotal barand block at the positions to which they may be adjusted, in combinationwith the draw-braces D and spade-spindles C, substantially as shown anddescribed, and for the purpose specified.

2. The bar N, formed with the teeth n and pivoted on the tongue E orother suitable support, the block F, slidingly supported on said pivotalbar, and the dog 0, pivoted on said block, and means for adjusting saidblock F and adjusting and holding said bar N at the position to whichthey may be adjusted, in combination with the draw-braces D andspade-spindles O, substantially as shown and described, and for thepurpose specified.

3. The combination of the pivotal bar N, formed with the teeth n, theblock F, the dog 0, the lever B, formed with the tooth r and slot 3, andthe toothed wheel P, in combination with the draw-braces D andspade-spindles C, substantially as shown and described, and for thepurpose specified.

4. The standard H, the chain 1, the lever K, and means for holding thelatter at the position to which it is adjusted, in combination with thepivotal bar N, the block F, dog 0, draw-braces D, and spade-spindles 0,substantially as shown and described, and for the purpose specified. I

5. The cover Q, in the upwardly-inclined end of which the elongated slotq is formed and having a downwardly-inclined end with the opening 19therein, and the flanges i, in combination with the stud-pin U, havingan elongated head a, fitted to the slot q in the cover Q, and thelubricant-reservoir T, formed with the flange j and pin is,substantially as shown and described, and for the purpose specified.

6. The cover W, formed with the notches w, in combination with thebearing-box M, having a lubricant -reservoir V and passage V therein andformed with the studs X, and the spring-tooth casting z, substantiallyas shown and described, and for the purpose specified.

In testimony whereof we affix our signatures in the presence of the twoundersigned witnesses.

JOSEPH DRADER. ANDREW B. MCKAY.

Witnesses:

P. J. EDMUNDS, JAMES MAGEE.

IIO

